Common PCB circuit board fault detection method

November 01, 2024

Common PCB circuit board failures are mainly concentrated on components, such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field effects, etc., the integrated chip and the crystal oscillator are obviously damaged, and the method of judging the fault of these components is more intuitive. Go observe. The surface of electronic components with obvious damage has obvious burning marks. Like this kind of failure, you can solve the problem by directly replacing the problem component with a new one.

Common PCB circuit board failures are mainly concentrated on components, such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field effects, etc., the integrated chip and the crystal oscillator are obviously damaged, and the method of judging the fault of these components is more intuitive. Go observe. The surface of electronic components with obvious damage has obvious burning marks. Like this type of failure, you can solve the problem by directly replacing the problem component with a new one.

Suspected damage to components? In fact, this component is not damaged.

Of course, not all electronic components can be visually observed, such as resistors, capacitors, and triodes. In some cases, damage cannot be seen from the surface and requires professional inspection tools. Commonly used inspections include: multimeters, capacitors, etc., when it is detected that the voltage or current of an electronic component is not within the normal range, indicating that there is a problem with the component or the previous component, and directly replace it and check to see if it is normal.

Board without any damage and no failure to detect

If the component is broken, it can be detected whether it is observed by the eye or by the instrument. However, sometimes when we give the components on the PCB, we will not detect the problem, but the board will not work properly. Case. Many newcomers have no problem with this kind of problem. They have to re-do a board or buy one. In fact, in this case, many times the components are in the process of installation, due to the coordination of various components, there may be performance instability.

Circuit board loop division

In this case, the instrument can no longer help, you can try to judge the possible range of the fault according to the current and voltage, try to narrow down, experienced engineers may be able to quickly determine the fault area, but the specific components are broken. But not 100% certain. The only way is to try to replace the suspect component until the problem component is found. Last year, my notebook motherboard was flooded. When I was repairing the master, I also encountered the failure to detect the fault, and replaced the components three times during the repair process, namely the power supply chip, the diode, and the USB charging component. The socket can charge the device when it is turned off. Finally, it is determined by a wave detection and replacement of the suspect chip, and finally it is determined that a component on the side of the south bridge chip is short-circuited.

Circuit board flying line

The above mentioned are actually the problem of electronic components. Of course, since the PCB circuit board is the foothold of the components, the circuit board fault must exist. The simplest example is to die the tin-plated part, due to the manufacturing process, There is a possibility of wire breakage during PCB corrosion. In this case, if you can't make up the line, you can only solve it with a thin copper wire.

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