Internet of Things Knowledge Overview
IoT connotation : The Internet of Things is regarded as the application expansion of the Internet. Application innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of Things, and innovation centered on the user experience is the soul of the development of the Internet of Things. English name: Internet of Things (IOT), also known as Web of Things. The Internet of Things refers to various devices and technologies, such as sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, global positioning system, infrared sensors, laser scanners, gas sensors, etc., to collect any real-time monitoring, Connected and interacted objects or processes, collected sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location and other required information, and formed a huge network with the Internet. Its purpose is to realize the connection between objects and objects, objects and people, all objects and the network, which is convenient for identification, management and control. Features of Internet of Things : Compared with the traditional Internet, the Internet of Things has its distinctive characteristics. First, it is a widespread application of various sensing technologies. Massive types of sensors are deployed on the Internet of Things, each sensor is an information source, and the content and format of information captured by different types of sensors are different. The data obtained by the sensor is real-time, periodically collects environmental information at a certain frequency, and continuously updates the data. Secondly, it is a ubiquitous network built on the Internet. The important foundation and core of the Internet of Things technology is still the Internet. Through the integration of various wired and wireless networks with the Internet, the information of the objects is accurately transmitted in real time. The information collected by sensors on the Internet of Things regularly needs to be transmitted through the network. Due to the extremely large number of them, a large amount of information is formed. During the transmission process, in order to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the data, it must adapt to various heterogeneous networks and protocols . Thirdly, the Internet of Things not only provides the connection of sensors, but also has the capability of intelligent processing, which can implement intelligent control of objects. The Internet of Things combines sensors and intelligent processing, and uses cloud computing, pattern recognition and other intelligent technologies to expand its application fields. Analyze, process and process meaningful data from the massive information obtained by the sensors to meet the different needs of different users and discover new application areas and application models. Background of the Internet of Things: 1. The practice of the Internet of Things in 1990 can be traced back to the Networked Coke Machine of Xerox in 1990. 2. The International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking held in the United States in 1999 first proposed the concept of the Internet of Things (Internet of Things); it was first proposed by Professor Ashton of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 when studying RFID. A solution combining item coding, RFID and Internet technology is proposed. At that time, based on the Internet, RFID technology, and EPC standards, on the basis of the computer Internet, using radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology, etc., a physical Internet "Internet of things" (Internet of Things) for real-time sharing of global item information was constructed. This is also the foundation of the first round of China Internet of Things boom in 2003. The sensor network is a network built based on sensing technology. As early as 1999, the Chinese Academy of Sciences started research on sensor networks, and has achieved some scientific research results and established some suitable sensor networks. In 1999, the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks held in the United States proposed that "sensor networks are another development opportunity facing humanity in the next century." 3. In 2003, the US "Technology Review" proposed that sensor network technology will be the first of the top ten technologies that will change people's lives in the future. 4. On November 17, 2005, at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Tunisia, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) released the "ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things", citing the concept of "Internet of Things". The definition and scope of the Internet of Things have changed, and the coverage has been greatly expanded, no longer just referring to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology. The report pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" communication era is coming, and all objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from houses to tissues, can be actively exchanged through the Internet. Radio frequency identification technology (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology, and intelligent embedding technology will be more widely used. According to ITU's description, in the era of the Internet of Things, by embedding a short-range mobile transceiver in a variety of daily necessities, humans will gain a new dimension of communication in the world of information and communication, from any time and any place The communication connection between people extends to the communication connection between people and things and things. The rise of the concept of the Internet of Things has largely benefited from the International Telecommunication Union's 2005 annual Internet report titled the Internet of Things. However, the ITU report lacks a clear definition of the Internet of Things. Although there is currently no unified standard definition of the Internet of Things in China, from the perspective of the Internet of Things, the Internet of Things is a convergent application and technology upgrade that has emerged after the development of modern information technology to a certain stage. , The integration and integration of modern network technology and artificial intelligence and automation technology to enable people and things to talk smartly and create a smart world. The Internet of Things technology is called the third revolutionary innovation of the information industry. The essence of the Internet of Things is mainly reflected in three aspects: one is the characteristics of the Internet, that is, the interconnected network must be able to realize the interconnection of the things that need to be networked; the second is the identification and communication characteristics, that is, the "thing" must be included in the Internet of Things. To have the function of automatic identification and object-to-thing communication (M2M); the third is the intelligent feature, that is, the network system should have the characteristics of automation, self-feedback and intelligent control. 5. After 2008, in order to promote the development of science and technology and search for new economic growth points, governments of various countries began to attach importance to the next generation of technical planning and set their sights on the Internet of Things. In China, the 2nd China Mobile Government Symposium "Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0" held at Peking University in November of the same year proposed that the development of mobile technology and Internet of Things technology represents the formation of a new generation of information technology and promotes economic and social forms 1. The reform of the innovation form has promoted the formation of the next-generation innovation (innovation 2.0) form with the user experience as the core for the knowledge society. Innovation and development pay more attention to users and people-oriented. The formation of the innovation 2.0 form has further promoted the healthy development of a new generation of information technology. 6. On January 28, 2009, after taking office as President of the United States, Obama held a "round table meeting" with American business leaders. As one of the only two representatives, IBM CEO Peng Mingsheng first proposed the "smart earth" One concept, it is recommended that the new government invest in a new generation of smart infrastructure. At that time, the United States listed new energy and the Internet of Things as two major priorities for economic revitalization. At the 2009 IBM Forum on February 24, 2009, Qian Daqun, CEO of IBM Greater China, announced the latest strategy called "Smart Earth". Once this concept was put forward, it received great attention from all walks of life in the United States, and even some analysts believe that this idea of ​​IBM is likely to rise to the national strategy of the United States and cause a sensation in the world. IBM believes that the next stage of the IT industry's task is to fully apply the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life, specifically, to embed and equip sensors in power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, and water supply In various objects such as systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, and are generally connected to form the Internet of Things. At the strategy conference, IBM also proposed that if the "wisdom" concept is implanted in the implementation of infrastructure, it can not only effectively stimulate the economy and promote employment in the short term, but also create a Mature smart infrastructure platform. IBM hopes that the "smart earth" strategy can set off another technological industry revolution after the "Internet" wave. Former IBM CEO Guo Shina once made an important point that the computing model changes every 15 years. This judgment is as accurate as Moore's Law, and people call it "the fifteen-year cycle law." The changes that took place around 1965 were marked by mainframes, by the popularity of personal computers around 1980, and by the Internet revolution around 1995. Each such technological change has caused major turbulence and changes in the competitive landscape among enterprises, industries, and even countries. To some extent, the Internet revolution was catalyzed by the US "information superhighway" strategy. In the 1990s, the US Clinton government planned to spend US $ 200 billion to US $ 400 billion in 20 years to build the US national information infrastructure and create huge economic and social benefits. Today, the "smart earth" strategy is regarded by many Americans as having many similarities with the "information superhighway" of the year. It is also regarded by them as the key strategy to revitalize the economy and establish a competitive advantage. Whether this strategy can set off a wave of technology and economy like the Internet revolution in the past is not only a concern for the United States, but also for the world. When Premier Wen Jiabao visited the Wuxi Institute of Internet of Things Industry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in August 2009, he also put forward some views and requirements for the application of the Internet of Things. Since Premier Wen proposed "perceive China", the Internet of Things has been officially listed as one of the country's five emerging strategic industries and written in the "Government Work Report". The Internet of Things has received great attention from the whole society in China and its degree of attention It is unmatched in the United States, the European Union, and other countries. The concept of the Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, it is better to say that it is already a "Made in China" concept, its coverage has been advancing with the times, and has exceeded the scope of Professor Ashton in 1999 and the ITU report in 2005, The Internet of Things has been labeled "Chinese". As of 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other ministries are working with relevant departments to conduct research on the new generation of information technology to form some new policy measures to support the new generation of information technology, thereby promoting the development of China's economy.
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