New Energy Vehicle Power Source Development History_New Energy Vehicle Power Competition
In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles are no longer a new vocabulary, and they have entered the life of ordinary people. New energy vehicles are also expected to transform China from a big car country to a car powerhouse! Most developed countries and automobile companies in the scope are stepping up research and development and production of electric vehicles, and have achieved a good level of development. On the whole, China's new energy vehicles are also on the same starting line, but the gap is only 3-5 years, and there is not a huge gap of 20 years like the traditional fuel vehicles. Moreover, China's new energy vehicles have achieved good development effects in some aspects, especially in the development of commercialization and industrialization. In some aspects, the technical level has even surpassed developed countries. Let's take a look at the related content with the car electronics editor. China's new energy automobile industry started in the early 21st century. Since 2001, new energy vehicles have been listed in the "863" major scientific and technological issues during the National Tenth Five-Year Plan period. The strategy of taking fuel vehicles as a starting point and advancing toward hydrogen-powered vehicles is planned. "Energy saving and new energy vehicles" has become one of the seven emerging industries that the Chinese government is highly concerned about. After a long process of development, the direction of research and development and industrialization of new energy vehicles is undergoing tremendous changes. With the current understanding of most people, new energy vehicles are pure electric vehicles. At present, the main development direction of new energy vehicles is pure electric vehicles. So, is the new energy vehicle just pure electric? Today, the OFweek new energy vehicle network will take you to understand the development of the power source of new energy vehicles, as well as the power competition of new energy vehicles! Reviewing the development of power sources for new energy vehicles Overall, China's new energy vehicle development has undergone two major stages of change. The first phase is based on hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and other new energy vehicles supplemented by the development direction, opening up new energy vehicle market. In the second stage, on the basis of the maturity of pure electric vehicle technology, pure electric vehicles will gradually replace hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, and may even occupy the market share of new energy vehicles in the future and realize zero emission. From the world, before 2006, the dynamic direction of global new energy vehicles is in a wavering stage. Countries have no decision on the source of development of new energy vehicles, and most of them focus on hydrogen fuel cells. Only Japan has been investing, which is why the new energy automobile industry in Japan is developing better. The United States has not actively developed pure electric power, focusing on hydrogen fuel cells; Japan has been investing, the focus is on hydrogen power; the EU's focus is on biofuels and hydrogen fuel cells; and China is still in the stage of exploration and definition. From 2007 to 2011, the development of global new energy vehicles entered the second stage and was strongly supported. Countries have identified strategies for new energy development, and have focused on lithium batteries, increased research and development, infrastructure investment, the government to increase consumption subsidies, and encourage the development of new energy vehicles. The market scale continues to expand. For example, the United States can enjoy income tax benefits when purchasing EVs, with a maximum amount of $7,500. By 2025, each car manufacturing exemption from vehicle and vessel tax dealers will sell at least 15.4% of zero-emission vehicles per year. Japanese car buyers can enjoy a variety of tax benefits, and by 2020, EV should account for 50% of the overall passenger car sales. France can buy up to 5,000 euros for subsidies. Germany reduced the cost of EVs. Buying an EV in the UK can earn a reward of £2,000-5,000. China is mainly based on BEV and can purchase up to 60,000 yuan in subsidies. Since 2012, the development of new energy vehicles has entered the third stage, and the government continues to support and gradually enters the harvest stage. Countries continue to maintain the development strategy of new energy vehicles, still relying on the development of lithium batteries, maintaining consumption subsidies, and increasing control over carbon dioxide emissions from automobiles. The United States and other countries require each automobile manufacturer to sell at least zero emissions per year. Vehicles, otherwise they have to pay a carbon tax, some pure electric vehicles such as Tesla have begun to make profits, and global new energy vehicles are gradually entering the harvest period. As for the power source of new energy vehicles, from the beginning of hydrogen power to the subsequent hybrid power, nowadays it is dominated by pure electric power. In the future development direction, some countries and car companies have begun to propose or Return to the development of hydrogen energy vehicles. Regarding the source of power for new energy vehicles, people have been constantly exploring and transforming... So, which energy is the cleanest and most pollution-free, the most suitable for the future development of new energy vehicles? Which type of new energy vehicles are in What is the most playful in the future? New energy car power competition, who is the most play? From the definition of new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles refer to the use of unconventional vehicle fuel as a power source, or the use of conventional vehicle fuel, the use of new power devices, integrated vehicle power control and drive advanced technology, the formation Advanced technology, new technology, new structure of the car. From this point of view, the types of new energy vehicles can be divided into many types. Then, the source of power for new energy vehicles is so wide. What are the effects of various types of energy on automobiles? What are the challenges in the future development direction? Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages. New energy vehicles that are well-known at present include: hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV), fuel cell vehicles (FCEV), hydrogen engine vehicles, and other new energy vehicles such as gas vehicles, alcohol ether vehicles, and solar vehicles. Pure electric Blade Electric Vehicles (BEV) is a kind of car that uses a single battery as the energy storage power source. It uses the battery as the energy storage power source to supply electric energy to the motor through the battery to drive the motor to run, thus driving the car. The advantage of pure electric vehicles is that the technology is relatively simple and mature, and can be charged as long as there is power supply. Disadvantages: The storage capacity of the battery unit weight is too small, and because the battery of the electric vehicle is relatively expensive, and the economic scale is not formed, the purchase price is relatively expensive; as for the use cost, some trial results are more expensive than the automobile, and some results are only for the automobile 1 /7~1/3, which depends mainly on the battery life and local oil and electricity prices. In addition, the problem of recycling and utilization of power batteries brought by pure electric vehicles has yet to be resolved. Hybrid class Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) refers to a vehicle whose drive system is composed of two or more single drive trains that can run at the same time. The driving power of the vehicle is driven by a single drive system alone or multiple depending on the actual running state of the vehicle. The system provides together. Hybrid vehicles come in many forms depending on the components, layout, and control strategy. Hybrid vehicles have many advantages. For example, after hybrid power, the average power of the internal combustion engine can be determined according to the average power required. The engine is relatively small, and the engine is operated under the optimal operating conditions of low fuel consumption and low pollution. Since the internal combustion engine can work continuously, the battery can be continuously charged, so the stroke is the same as that of the ordinary car; because of the battery, the kinetic energy can be recovered very conveniently when going downhill; in the bustling urban area, the internal combustion engine can be shut down and driven by the battery alone. Achieve “zero†emissions. The internal combustion engine can easily solve the problems encountered by pure electric vehicles such as air conditioners, heating, defrosting, etc.; in addition, the existing gas stations can be used to refuel without having to invest in charging piles; hybrid power can also extend battery use. Life, cost reduction, multiple power sources for the entire vehicle, can work at the same time. The disadvantages of hybrid vehicles are: the system structure is relatively complicated; the long-distance high-speed driving is not obvious; the hybrid vehicle can not achieve the goal of new energy vehicles to achieve zero emissions if it is burned. Fuel cell Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) is a vehicle that uses hydrogen and oxygen in the air to drive the electric energy generated by electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell as the main power source under the action of the catalyst. Fuel cell electric vehicles are essentially one type of pure electric vehicles. The main difference is that the working principle of power batteries is different. In general, fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. Hydrogen is required for electrochemical reactions, and oxygen is used for oxidants. Therefore, the first developed fuel cell electric vehicles use hydrogen fuel directly. The hydrogen can be stored in the form of liquefied hydrogen, compressed hydrogen or metal hydride hydrogen storage. Compared with traditional vehicles, fuel cell vehicles emit almost zero or nearly zero emissions, reducing water pollution caused by oil leakage; reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fuel cell conversion efficiency is high (about 60%), vehicle fuel Good economy; smooth operation and no noise. However, the disadvantage is that the cost of the fuel cell is high, and the cost of using hydrogen is also expensive. Hydrogen engine A hydrogen engine car is a car powered by a hydrogen engine. The fuel used in general engines is diesel or gasoline, and the fuel used in hydrogen engines is gaseous hydrogen. The hydrogen engine car is a truly zero-emission vehicle that emits pure water, produces no pollutants while driving, and is rich in reserves. The disadvantage is that the cost of hydrogen fuel is too high, and the storage and transportation of hydrogen fuel is very difficult according to technical conditions, because the hydrogen molecules are very small and easily escape through the outer casing of the storage device. In addition, the treatment of water discharged from hydrogen-powered vehicles will also create new problems. The difficulty of water icing in cold winters is also a major test; the most deadly problem is that hydrogen extraction requires electrolysis of water or the use of natural gas. It takes a lot of energy to consume, and unless it is extracted using nuclear power, it cannot fundamentally reduce carbon dioxide emissions. other categories Other new energy vehicles include cars that use high-capacity energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and flywheels. In China, new energy vehicles mainly refer to pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles. Conventional hybrid vehicles are classified as energy-saving vehicles. The advantages of supercapacitor cars are short charging time, high power density, large capacity, long service life, maintenance-free, economical and environmental protection. However, the disadvantage is that the energy density is low, and it is difficult to meet the demand of the whole vehicle, so it is generally used as an auxiliary accumulator; the power output is attenuated as the mileage is lengthened. summary: At present, governments around the world are encouraging the development of new energy vehicles. All major auto companies should also call on the government to increase the R&D and manufacturing of new energy vehicles. It has been confirmed that the future automobile market is definitely the world of new energy vehicles. What kind of new energy vehicles are in the end, we are not sure. It can be judged that the development of new energy vehicles in the future must be developed in many directions, not only a pure electric vehicle, but also a hydrogen energy vehicle.
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