Solid-state lighting challenges traditional lighting still needs to relocate existing architecture
Although used for lighting, the architecture of solid-state lighting is still significantly different from traditional lighting. From optical characteristics to power supply, it is not directly compatible with existing lighting architectures. However, in a short time, solid-state lighting still needs to be compatible with existing lighting structures. . Solid-state lighting is the trend of energy saving and environmental protection The characteristics of LED solid-state lighting include: 1. Service life: LED has a longer service life than all other light sources. In the normal home environment, LED can be used for up to 20 years. 2. Energy cost: LED energy consumption is extremely low, LED components For example, the luminous efficiency of OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GoldenDRAGONPlus has reached 110lm/W. LED lamp only needs about 6W to generate the equivalent of 25W incandescent lamp; 3, dimming function: LED can dim, further reduce energy consumption; 4, no mercury: LED does not contain mercury or lead, reduce the cost of disposal; Efficiency: Today's LED efficiency is about 5 times higher than that of incandescent lamps. With the continuous advancement of technology, the efficiency will be 10 times higher in the future. In theory, LED technology can save more than half of the power consumed by artificial lighting. Solid-state lighting has a more flexible application mode than traditional lighting The second driving force comes from different applications. At present, LED is mainly used in construction, outdoor advertising and portable electronic products, of which architectural lighting accounts for 50% of the overall LED market, such as building exterior lighting, projection light wall, floodlight, ceiling indirect lighting and landscape lighting. However, other applications are also potential markets for LEDs, such as retail displays (including cabinet lighting, retail department stores and refrigerator lighting), home lighting (including decorative lighting, cabinet lights, chandeliers and reading lights) and outdoor lighting (including parking). Field, pedestrian area, street lighting and public lighting). Due to the small size of the LED, designers have more room to conceive new lighting products, and the application of LEDs will naturally be more extensive. The third driving force comes from technology itself. LED enamel has proven to be the most energy-efficient source on the surface, saving 5 times more energy than incandescent lamps, and the lumens per watt will gradually increase. The power supply structure will be another revolution with solid-state lighting Nowadays, the structure of the commonly used fluorescent lamp requires the relay to provide an instantaneous high voltage to illuminate the lamp, which has the danger of electric shock in terms of safety. However, the LED does not need to be activated at a momentary high current, but the current trend of the solid-state lighting market is still In order to replace the lighting, in addition to the challenges of ACtoDC, in order to use the existing fluorescent lamp architecture, it is necessary to filter the instantaneous high voltage of the relay on the circuit. It also means that the replacement market is only an early over-market, not a long-term trend; in addition, from ACtoDC The efficiency is still less than the DC drop, indicating that the lighting system needs to be reformed in the future to meet the original architecture of solid-state lighting. On the other hand, another market for solid-state lighting is recessed lights, including interior lighting such as vehicles. Since the internal power generation is directly DC, such as the Hong Kong tram, the solid-state lighting system can greatly reduce the system's power load. And the current required is stable, and it can be driven at a low voltage, which has a better life than fluorescent lamps in the past. Today's LED lighting module design focuses on: circuit, heat dissipation, optics. LEDs are not bright enough compared to traditional light sources, so multiple LEDs will be designed to meet specifications, circuit design must be considered; LED chip light will generate heat, large-area LEDs will not be timely to dissipate heat to shorten life. So the scattering design also needs to be considered. Since the biggest "optical" difference between LED and general bulb is that the light of LED has directivity, choosing the LED with proper illumination angle can greatly help the design; secondly, the LED is cold light, and the heating problem is not serious for optical design, so the optical is serious. Part of the volume can be reduced, and even plastic components that are afraid of heat can be used. This is not to say that the hot problem is solved, but that the "hot" problem can be separated from the "light", which is why the entire lighting module needs to be redesigned. Traditional light bulbs generate infrared light, so heat is generated at the same time as light is generated. In order to solve the problem of simultaneous light and heat, the optical design is not a reflective sheet made of metal (heat conductive), or designed with glass (not afraid of heat). lens. The thermal problem of LEDs is generated from the chip, so the mechanism of heat dissipation is on the LEDs rather than on the optical components, so the choice of materials is more flexible. The flexibility of the material has increased, and with the shortening of the development time and the variety of LEDs, optical design has become a problem in the traditional lighting industry. 360 Laptop
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LEDs used in high-brightness illumination can be divided into general household lighting and outdoor lighting. The obvious difference between the two is still lumens and driving voltage, and because of these differences, the two industries are similar and different. Outdoor lighting desired brightness and the environment is more stringent, so that outdoor lighting industry is better imagined easy to get into; but indoor lighting because of the low threshold, many manufacturers are all emerging as a bet with interior lighting, LED lighting industry investment. However, for the LED industry, there is still no unified standard and norm, which makes the quality of products on the market uneven, and the price and quality gap are also quite obvious. These differences will determine whether the company can stand on solid-state lighting in the future. The key to supply refining.
From a macro perspective, there are three changes to the power of solid-state lighting. The first force comes from the government, climate and environmental protection. It is no longer a luxury talk for the government, but a necessary thing. Saving energy is no longer just a slogan, but an achievable policy. Compared to traditional lamps such as incandescent lamps, LEDs are the first choice for low energy consumption. For example, the Korean government's "LED Shining 1530" plan to increase the LED lamp's share of production to 30% in 2015 to save more energy. The Kyoto Protocol of Japan plans to replace 8.8% of fluorescent lamps and 13.7% of incandescent lamps with LEDs in 2012, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 3.4 million tons. Ireland and Australia announced that they have banned the sale of incandescent light bulbs since 2009 and 2010 respectively; the US Department of Energy launched the "Energy Star" logo program for LEDs in September 2008, and the Obama administration has listed 800 environmental protection plans. Billion dollar budget. Last but not least, the Chinese government has been paying more than $17 million for solid-state lighting projects since 2000.
Experts believe that according to the field of application, LED has two main development trends: 1. The size of LED is getting smaller and smaller; 2. The application range of large-scale high-power LED is wider and wider. And many companies' product development also follows these two trends; for example, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors ultra-white OSLONSSLLED, package size is only 3x3mm, the luminous efficiency is leading the industry, the efficiency value is generally up to 100lm / W. In addition, it delivers high efficiency at high currents, combined with simplified thermal management, high reliability and an 80 degree beam angle, making it suitable for a wide range of high efficiency applications, including spotlights, desk lamps and ceiling floodlights. In addition, the GoldenDRAGONOvalPlusLED has been developed specifically for streetlights. This LED does not require optics assistance. It is suitable for street lighting because it has integrated lenses and emits directional light in an elliptical radiation mode. At the same time, this LED can produce a special elliptical beam (80° vertical, 120° horizontal, and integrated durable silicone lens, which can meet the special needs of energy-saving street lamps in terms of illumination and minimum light damage, so that the light can be accurately projected. The area of ​​illumination, no upward stray light.
However, experts pointed out that manufacturers of solid-state lighting equipment have not yet produced products with digital concepts, such as power supply modules, and still use traditional ACtoDC power conversion modules. Although they have the advantages of constant current and high efficiency, the structure will adopt a single way for each LED. In series, as long as one of them fails, the whole module will be extinguished. Another disadvantage is that the volume is difficult to shrink; the digitization and wisdom of the power supply will be another threshold in solid-state lighting, especially in the public lighting system, compared to the current Most of the lighting equipment needs to be grasped through manual reward. However, the digital power supply can be combined with the debugging system to make false returns, and the remote street lights can be notified in real time including abnormalities such as extinction or overheating; for example, foreign LED lights are mandatory. The need to install debugging is to facilitate maintenance, especially in public facilities, and the debugging function will become a design that governments value.
Optical design is also the key to affecting luminous efficiency
Different from the backlight module, the optical design of the backlight module mainly uses a light guide plate to achieve a high uniformity of the surface light source by destroying the total reflection of the point light source; the use of the illumination can utilize the convergence, divergence, reflection and total reflection of the light. , expand the point source into a line source and a variety of different light distribution curve applications.