The drone black fly event is frequently difficult to prevent the Civil Aviation Administration from requiring real-name registration of the drone

The Civil Aviation Administration of China announced on May 16 that the civilian drones will be registered in real-name registration. On June 1, the real-name registration of drones with a mass of more than 250 grams will be officially implemented. Units and individuals who already have drones must complete their real-name registration by August 31.

The real name registration of the drone was introduced, which originated from the safety hazards of the "black fly" (unregistered flight) drones that have been frequent in recent years. According to statistics from the Civil Aviation Administration, in April, 13 unmanned aerial vehicles flying to five airports in the country affected flight safety incidents, resulting in 288 flights returning, waiting for, waiting or canceling. Among them, Chengdu Shuangliu Airport is particularly prominent. In the 21 days from April 14 to May 4, a total of 8 UAVs interfered with civil aviation flights, resulting in 138 flights returning and preparing for the flight. In the first week of May, four other civil aviation airports were affected by drone interference. From 19:00 on May 12, Chongqing Jiangbei Airport was repeatedly disturbed by drones, causing more than 200 flights to be alternated, cancelled or delayed.

It is also from May that domestic major airports have begun to introduce controls and prevention and control measures related to drones. What harm does the drone have to flight safety? Is there any way to prevent the drone from invading the airport or the route?

The reporter interviewed the civil aviation captain and the drone prevention and control experts with these two questions. Among them, the civil aviation captain told reporters that the drone is more difficult to guard against the birds most often encountered at the airport, and the noise and strong effect on the birds The way of driving the light is invalid for the drone.

The captain of the civil aviation, "The Warrior", often takes off and land at the airport in the Southwest. He said that although he did not directly encounter drone interference during the take-off and landing process, in the pilot circle, drones have been frequently mentioned in the past one or two years.

"In the past few years, drones have rarely been discussed. At that time, drones were expensive and have high thresholds. In the past two years, drones have been frequently mentioned because the threshold of drones is getting lower and lower. More and more." "The warrior" said that under normal circumstances, after encountering drone interference, the airport tower will be notified to the pilot. The two most common treatment methods are: hovering at high altitude and waiting for instructions. .

"Civil aviation aircraft is based on safety. If there is a foreign object in the air, the aircraft may collide. Waiting at high altitude or arranging for standby is a standard procedure." He revealed that he had been notified by the tower three or four minutes before landing at Chongqing Jiangbei Airport. The drone interfered, and the captain had to pull up, go around, and drop to other airports before landing.

"暮战机" told reporters that if the aircraft collided with the drone in the air, it may cause damage to the engine, control equipment, windshield and so on. "In case of such abnormal conditions, the pilot will handle the emergency procedures. If the damage is not serious after the collision, the aircraft will land normally. If the engine collision occurs, the control equipment fails, and the windshield is broken, it will threaten all. The safety of the crew."

For airports, drones are not the only interferers, but drones are more difficult to guard against than the common interference with birds. “There are bird reptiles at the airport, and there are a range of interventions for birds, such as glare, noise, etc., but these have little effect on drones.”

“暮战机” means that emerging products such as drones are good for the development of civil aviation navigation, but the state of disorderly flight will have a negative impact. “Our pilots are more willing to see drone players comply with laws and regulations. Under the premise of not affecting the normal flight of the flight, it will contribute to the development of navigation and social progress."

Zhang Changyi, founder and coach of Beijing Hualian Aviation Club, often takes off and land in the northern part of Beijing and Hebei. He told reporters that it is difficult to find drones flying at low altitudes, whether it is airborne equipment or pilots.

Ordinary players' drones are generally flying below 500 meters, which is low for manned aircraft. "Radar and other equipment on the plane, generally can not scan down, because there are many reflectors on the ground, such as cars, etc., and it is easy to be confused. And the drone is small in size and composite material, the radar reflection surface is originally small. Therefore, when the plane is flying at high altitude and the drone is at low altitude, the airborne radar is invisible. We stand on the ground and look at the drone with the naked eye, with the sky as the background, the drone sees very clearly. But the pilot Looking down on the plane, the ground is the background, the interference is much more, and the drone can't be seen at all."

Zhang Changyi believes that many drone players have not realized the impact of drones on aviation safety.

Can the real-name system completely control the drone "black fly"? Senior players believe that more sophisticated management methods are needed. Dr. Zhao Ziran, an unmanned drone player, said in an interview that the real-name registration of drones starting on June 1 will tie the drones and players together, which has a positive effect.

As the first Chinese player to obtain the driver certification for civilian unmanned aerial vehicle systems, Zhao Ziran believes that China's high-speed development of the UAV industry is in urgent need of more perfect laws and regulations. "The real-name system is definitely more convenient to manage, just like car management. Similarly, there are license plates for driving licenses. In the event of a safety incident or illegal act, the machine can be associated with the person."

However, Zhao Ziran also mentioned that although drone manufacturers have added security settings to make drones unable to take off in key areas such as airports, some unidentified players will do their hands on the drones, such as destroying GPS sensors. Achieve the purpose of taking off near the airport. For these players, Zhao Ziran believes that more stringent means are needed to constrain its behavior.

Yang Jian is the head of Beijing Yihe Technology Co., Ltd. In an interview with reporters, he said that compared with the booming UAV manufacturing industry, the UAV interference defense industry is still in its infancy in China. "Now, more and more people are paying attention to the safety hazards brought by drones. In fact, it is not just the airport, other key places, such as railway stations, bus stations, government agencies, large-scale assemblies, sports events, etc. Suffered from the interference of drones."

Yuhe Technology has developed a number of UAV interference defense systems. It has already cooperated with the police and is exploring cooperation possibilities with several airports. Yang Jian said that to defend against drones, the first thing to discover is drones. "At present, there are four ways to discover drones: ground radar, thermal imaging, security cameras, and electromagnetic wave search."

The advantage of terrestrial radar is that the scope of reconnaissance is large. The advantage of thermal imaging is that the recognition rate is high. However, radar and thermal imaging have the same disadvantages: the cost is relatively high, and all of them are slow to respond to the drone that suddenly takes off behind the tall building; the security camera is The main method currently used by Yuhe Technology. "Because from the ground, the sky is relatively clean, and the security camera can be used to detect the drone." Electromagnetic wave search is a new method that is emerging abroad. It mainly uses the method of actively searching the drone to control the frequency band. Man-machine.

After discovering the drone, it is facing the problem of prevention and control, and the means of driving away the birds, such as man-made driving, glare noise stimulation, etc., are obviously different. Now the mainstream drone control and prevention means is "electromagnetic interference."

The electromagnetic method mainly interferes with the three control channels of the drone: GPS (or Beidou) positioning frequency band, image transmission channel, and remote control channel. "Now most of the drones are consumer-grade, and the price is below 5,000 yuan. In order to reduce the cost, these three control channels use relatively fixed frequency bands, and the interference frequency band is relatively fixed. Defense against some more advanced industrial grades. For man-machines, more interference bands are needed, and the defense 'shield' is made stronger."

Currently, there are two main types of UAV defense systems on the market: orientation and omnidirectional. The orientation is mostly portable "gun" type, suitable for defense against a small number of drones during patrol. Omnidirectional is suitable for large gatherings and other places, is a hemispherical electronic screen, to achieve a full range of defense.

Yang Jian said: "The key target of traditional security is the people, cars and objects on the ground. However, the security threats brought by drones are becoming more and more obvious. In the future, more and more security priorities will be invested in the low-altitude field."

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