Talking about the key technology and countermeasures for the construction of small base station backhaul network
In recent years, the popularity of smartphones, the large-scale deployment of 3G networks, and the global deployment of LTE commercial networks have led to explosive growth in mobile broadband data services, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 66% over the next five years. Continue to grow and bring a lot of revenue to operators. At the same time, the user experience demand based on mobile data services poses two major challenges to traditional mobile networks, namely the high throughput demand of dense user groups in hotspot areas and the blind spot coverage of edge networks. In order to solve these challenges, the layered stereo network based on the HetNet concept has become the trend of mobile network construction. According to the latest research on this trend by InfoneTIcs, by 2016, the proportion of network traffic handled by macro stations will be reduced from the current 90% to 58%, and the proportion of small base stations (including indoor small base stations and outdoor small base stations). Will reach 24%. In addition, InfoneTIcs predicts that by 2016, global small base station shipments will exceed 3 million units. We can foresee that in the next 3-5 years, the number of small base stations in the mobile network will increase spurt and become the focus of future mobile operator network investment construction. How will the large-scale deployment of small base stations affect the backhaul network construction? Before answering this question, we must first understand the main features of small base station deployment. The small base station has a small size, has zero site installation conditions, and can adapt to various indoor and outdoor installation environments and high-density deployment, and the number of devices may reach 10 times that of the macro station. The small base station works in conjunction with the macro base station to provide mobile users with a consistent service experience across the network. The small base station may adopt various networking topologies, first aggregated to the macro base station, then the macro base station returns the equipment, or directly connects to the existing mobile backhaul or other integrated bearer network aggregation transmission node equipment. The characteristics of small base stations and their deployment pose challenges to their backhaul network solutions. This includes: the adaptability of the last mile of diversity transmission resources; the small base station backhaul equipment exposed to public indoor and outdoor places, will face the challenges of equipment environmental adaptability, physical security, service access security; for LTE/LTE-A The comprehensive clock synchronization requirements of the service; the high scalability and flexibility requirements of the network capacity and services; the simple and convenient requirements for large-scale network element equipment operation and maintenance; of course, the total cost of ownership (TCO) is also low. In view of the challenges of the backhaul network construction brought by the large-scale deployment of the small base stations mentioned above, we will analyze one by one and give the key technologies and solutions for the construction of the small base station backhaul network. Since the deployment of the small base station further extends the site to the user, it is unrealistic to obtain the comprehensive construction of the optical fiber transmission resource to the small base station from the municipal construction right acquisition, cost investment and construction period. Therefore, the initial backhaul scheme of the small base station will access or lease existing transmission line resources, such as optical fiber, copper cable or microwave, to meet the requirements of rapid deployment. From the medium- and long-term trend of network development of small base station backhaul, urban hotspots will adopt large-bandwidth backhaul schemes based on fiber access, and users in suburban and rural areas are more dispersed, mainly in areas dominated by blindfolding. More economical access to transmission resource solutions, such as microwaves, copper cables, etc. In summary, the small base station backhaul last mile can be divided into two scenarios: wired and wireless. The wireless scene can use a microwave device based on E-Band/V-Band/Sub-6G technology. In the wired scenario, a small base station with multiple medium access capabilities can access the gateway device, such as a small base station router, or directly use the existing xDSL and FTTx terminal access devices. Therefore, the technology adaptation and diversified interface capabilities of the last mile of the small base station backhaul network are the key to design selection. The small base station backhaul equipment and the small base station are usually installed in public indoor and outdoor places, and there is no special protective equipment and measures, so the environment adaptability and physical security requirements of the equipment are high. The flattened network architecture of LTE causes the RNC service termination point to disappear and the security encapsulation mechanism under the original 3G network architecture is lost. The backhaul network needs to provide the S1 between the LTE base station and the core network device MME/S-GW. Interface traffic security protection. Therefore, the small base station backhaul network equipment requires a comprehensive security design solution. The specific requirements are: meet the outdoor high standard protection level IP65; support -40oC-65oC wide range of operating temperature range; comprehensive service access security design, such as access control 802.1x, service security isolation VPN, anti-IP counterfeit DHCP nooping Complex flow classification ACL technology. LTE/LTE-A based small base stations will account for more than 90% of the entire small base station deployment. At the same time, the large-scale deployment of EMBMS (evolved MulTImedia Broadcast/MulTIcast Service) and CoMP (Coordinated Multiple Points) services of the LTE network requires not only small The base station backhaul device supports clock synchronization capability based on any medium, and requires simultaneous support for frequency synchronization and time synchronization. Only such a comprehensive high-quality time synchronization solution can ensure the customer experience of various value-added services in the LTE era. It can also be said that supporting 1588v2 full-mode (OC/BT/CT) clock synchronization technology based on various media and networking topologies is a necessary condition for small base station backhaul network design.
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